Syllabus Vault

BOT:DSC-454 (4) Analytical techniques in plant science Note- Figures in the parenthesis represent credits assigned to the paper

Marks Distribution DSE, DSM and IDC Papers: All theory papers will have 70% External evaluation and 30% internal evaluation. In practical papers, the marks distribution will be as follows: SEC papers Description Marks Marks External Assessment (A) Internal Assessment (B) Theory 50 Major experiment 28 15 Practical 30 Minor experiment 21 6 Internal 20 Viva-voce 14 6 Total 100 Record and submission 7 3

Marks distribution is as given in the previous column marked (B) Total 70 30

Marks Distribution DSE, DSM and IDC Papers: All theory papers will have 70% External evaluation and 30% internal evaluation. In practical papers, the marks SEC papers distribution will be as follows: Marks Marks Description External Internal Assessment Assessment Theory 50 (A) (B) Major Minor Viva-voce 14 6 Total 100 Record and 7 3 submission

Marks distribution is as given in the previous column marked Total 70 30 (B)

SEMESTER - I BOT: DSC-101 Course Title: Microbiology Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the diversity and complexity of microbial world and its applications Unit-I: General Microbiology

History of microbiology, the discovery of viruses and different groups of microorganisms (from prokaryotes to eukaryotes); status of microorganisms in the living world, different groups of microorganisms, nutritional groups of microorganisms, microbial nutrition and growth (growth curve, factors affecting growth, control), sterilization methods, culture media types and preparations for bacteria, fungi and micro algae; Antibiotics and their mode of actions, Vaccines. Unit-II: Virology and Bacteriology

Viruses: Virus stature, classification (Baltimore), general structure and replication; short accounts of viroids and prions; Structure of T-phages and TMV; methods of isolation of plant viruses, economic importance. Bacteria: General characteristics, types including mycoplasmas, spheroplasts and actinomycetes; cell and cell wall structures, classification, reproduction, and economic importance. Study of the genera: Streptomyces, E. coli, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium and Pseudomonas.
Unit-III: Agricultural Microbiology

Microorganisms in soil, role of microorganisms in Nitrogen cycle, Carbon cycle and Sulphur cycle in nature. Plant growth promoting bacteria, rhizosphere (microorganisms, positive and negative roles), and phyllosphere. Mycorrhiza- types and their role in agriculture and horticulture; Mechanism of biological Nitrogen fixation; Humus, microbial pesticides and herbicides.
Unit-IV: Food and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial spoilage of foods, preservation of foods, food poisoning, pasteurization of milk. Fermentation, Solid-state and liquid-state fermentations, batch and continuous fermentation, bioreactors, microbial production of enzymes, alcohol (Ethanol), antibiotics (Penicillin and Streptomycin) and organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid).
Unit-V: Water, Environmental and Medical Microbiology

Water micro-flora, role of microbes in sewage and domestic waste water treatment systems, determination of BOD and COD of water samples, microorganisms as indicator of water quality, tests for coliforms. SEMESTER

I BOT: DSC-101 Course Title: Microbiology Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the diversity and complexity of microbial world and its applications Unit-I: General Microbiology History of microbiology, the discovery of viruses and different groups of microorganisms (from prokaryotes to eukaryotes); status of microorganisms in the living world, different groups of microorganisms, nutritional groups of microorganisms, microbial nutrition and growth (growth curve, factors affecting growth, control), sterilization methods, culture media types and preparations for bacteria, fungi and micro algae; Antibiotics and their mode of actions, Vaccines. Unit-II: Virology and Bacteriology Viruses: Virus stature, classification (Baltimore), general structure and replication; short accounts of viroids and prions; Structure of T-phages and TMV; methods of isolation of plant viruses, economic importance. Bacteria: General characteristics, types including mycoplasmas, spheroplasts and actinomycetes; cell and cell wall structures, classification, reproduction, and economic importance. Study of the genera: Streptomyces, E. coli, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium and Pseudomonas. Unit-III: Agricultural Microbiology Microorganisms in soil, role of microorganisms in Nitrogen cycle, Carbon cycle and Sulphur cycle in nature. Plant growth promoting bacteria, rhizosphere (microorganisms, positive and negative roles), and phyllosphere. Mycorrhiza- types and their role in agriculture and horticulture; Mechanism of biological Nitrogen fixation; Humus, microbial pesticides and herbicides. Unit-IV: Food and Industrial Microbiology Microbial spoilage of foods, preservation of foods, food poisoning, pasteurization of milk. Fermentation, Solid-state and liquid-state fermentations, batch and continuous fermentation, bioreactors, microbial production of enzymes, alcohol (Ethanol), antibiotics (Penicillin and Streptomycin) and organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid). Unit-V: Water, Environmental and Medical Microbiology Water micro-flora, role of microbes in sewage and domestic waste water treatment systems, determination of BOD and COD of water samples, microorganisms as indicator of water quality, tests for coliforms.

Bioremediation of contaminated soil, enumeration of microorganisms in air, control of air born microorganisms; biogas production; microbes in biodegradation of hydrocarbons.
Microbial diseases (Aspergillosis, Tuberculosis, Tetanus, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Leprosy), causes and preventive measures; probiotics. Course Outcome: The course will provide comprehensive overview on microbial world and its applications in diverse fields.
Suggested Readings:

Bagyaraj, D. J. & Rangaswami, G. (2007): 2nd edition, Agricultural Microbiology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Banerjee, A. K. &Banerjee, N. (2008): Fundamentals of Microbiology and Immunology. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata
Biswas, S. B. & Biswas, A. (1996): An Introduction to Viruses, 4th edition, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Dubey, R. C. & Maheshwari, D. K. (2005): A Textbook of Microbiology. S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
Pelezar, M. J. (2001): Microbiology. 5th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co., New Delhi.
Power, C. B. & Daginawala, H. F. (2010): General Microbiology, Vol.-I & II. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
Pyatkin, K. & Krivoshein, Y. (1982): Microbiology with Virology and Immunology. MIR Publishers, Moscow.
Reddy, S. M.; Girisham, S.; Babu, G. N. & Reddy, B. V. (2017): Applied Microbiology (Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Industrial Microbiology). Scientific Publishers, Jaipur.
BOT: DSC-102 Course Title : Phycology and Mycology Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the diversity, cellular organisation and its application Unit-I: Algae General characteristics; Ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structure and components; cell wall, pigment system, reserve food, flagella; methods of reproduction; Classification: criteria, system of Fritsch, and evolutionary classification of Lee (only up to groups); Significant contributions of important Phycologists (F.E. Fritsch, G.M. Smith, R.N. Singh, T.V. Desikachary, H.D. Kumar, M.O.P. Iyengar). Role of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry.
Unit-II: Divisions of Algae Characteristics; Ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structure and reproduction of Cyanophyta and Xanthophyta. Morphology and life- cycle of Nostoc and Vaucheria. Characteristics; Occurrence; Range of thallus Bioremediation of contaminated soil, enumeration of microorganisms in air, control of air born microorganisms; biogas production; microbes in biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Microbial diseases (Aspergillosis, Tuberculosis, Tetanus, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Leprosy), causes and preventive measures; probiotics. Course Outcome: The course will provide comprehensive overview on microbial world and its applications in diverse fields. Suggested Readings: 1. Bagyaraj, D. J. & Rangaswami, G. (2007): 2™ edition, Agricultural Microbiology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2. Banerjee, A. K. &Banerjee, N. (2008): Fundamentals of Microbiology and Immunology. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata 3. Biswas, S. B. & Biswas, A. (1996): An Introduction to Viruses, 4" edition, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 4. Dubey, R. C. & Maheshwari, D. K. (2005): A Textbook of Microbiology. S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi. 5. Pelezar, M. J. (2001): Microbiology. 5" edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co., New Delhi. 6. Power, C. B. & Daginawala, H. F. (2010): General Microbiology, Vol.-I & I. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. 7. Pyatkin, K. & Krivoshein, Y. (1982): Microbiology with Virology and Immunology. MIR Publishers, Moscow. 8. Reddy, S. M.; Girisham, S.; Babu, G. N. & Reddy, B. V. (2017): Applied Microbiology (Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Industrial Microbiology). Scientific Publishers, Jaipur. BOT: DSC-102 Course Title : Phycology and Mycology Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the diversity, cellular organisation and its application Unit-I: Algae General characteristics; Ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structure and components; cell wall, pigment system, reserve food, flagella; methods of reproduction; Classification: criteria, system of Fritsch, and evolutionary classification of Lee (only up to groups); Significant contributions of important Phycologists (F.E. Fritsch, G.M. Smith, R.N. Singh, T.V. Desikachary, H.D. Kumar, M.O.P. Iyengar). Role of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry. Unit-II: Divisions of Algae Characteristics; Ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structure and reproduction of Cyanophyta and Xanthophyta. Morphology and ___life- cycle of Nostoc and Vaucheria. Characteristics; Occurrence; Range of thallus 6

organization; Cell structure;Reproduction of Chlorophyta. Morphology and life- cycles of Chlamydomonas Volvox, Oedogonium,Coleochaete, Chara. Evolutionary
significance of Prochloron. Characteristics; Occurrence; Range of thallus organization; Cell structure; Reproduction of Phaeophyta & Rhodophyta. Morphology and life-cycles of Ectocarpus and Polysiphonia. Unit-III: Fungi and its Associations General characteristics; Affinities with plants and animals; Thallus organization; Cell wall composition; Nutrition; Classification (Ainsworth). Lichen – Occurrence; General characteristics; Growth forms and range of thallus organization; Nature of associations of algal and fungal partners; Reproduction; Mycorrhiza- their types, and significance. Unit-IV: Major divisions of Fungi Characteristic; Ecology and significance; Thallus organization; Reproduction; Life cycle with reference to Synchytrium, Rhizopus.
Life cycle and classification with reference to Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria & Fusarium,. General characteristics (asexual and sexual fruiting bodies); Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and Classification with reference to black stem rust on wheat Puccinia, Ustilago (symptoms), Agaricus; General characteristics; Status of Slime molds, Types of fruiting bodies.General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and classification with reference to Phytophthora, Albugo. Unit-V: Applied Mycology Role of fungi in biotechnology; Application of fungi in food industry (Flavour & texture, Fermentation, Baking, Organic acids, Enzymes, Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites (Pharmaceutical preparations); Agriculture (Biofertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological control (Mycofungicides, Mycoherbicides, Mycoinsecticides, Myconematicides); Medical mycology. Mushroom cultivation. Course Outcome: The course will provide detailed understanding of algae and fungi Suggested Readings

Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4th edition.
Wiley JM, Sherwood LM and Woolverton CJ. (2013) Prescott’s Microbiology. 9th Edition. McGraw Hill International.
Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Delhi.
Sahoo, D. (2000). Farming the ocean: seaweeds cultivation and utilization. Aravali International, New Delhi.
Campbell, N.A., Reece J.B., Urry L.A., Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A. Minorsky P.V., Jackson
R.B. (2008). Biology, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, USA. 8th edition.
Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition.
Webster, J. and Weber, R. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press,
Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd. organization; Cell — structure;Reproduction of Chlorophyta. Morphology and life- cycles of Chlamydomonas Volvox, Oedogonium,Coleochaete, Chara. Evolutionary significance of | Prochloron. Characteristics; Occurrence; Range of thallus organization; Cell structure; Reproduction of | Phaeophyta & Rhodophyta. Morphology and life-cycles of Ectocarpus and Polysiphonia. Unit-III: Fungi and its Associations General characteristics; Affinities with plants and animals; Thallus organization; Cell wall composition; Nutrition; Classification (Ainsworth). Lichen — Occurrence; General characteristics; Growth forms and range of thallus organization; Nature of associations of algal and fungal partners; Reproduction; Mycorrhiza- their types, and significance. Unit-I[V: Major divisions of Fungi Characteristic; Ecology and significance; Thallus organization; Reproduction; Life cycle with reference to Synchytrium, Rhizopus. Life cycle and classification with reference to Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria & Fusarium,. General characteristics (asexual and sexual fruiting bodies); Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and Classification with reference to black stem rust on wheat Puccinia, Ustilago (symptoms), Agaricus; General characteristics; Status of Slime molds, Types of fruiting bodies.General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and _ classification with reference to Phytophthora, Albugo. Unit-V: Applied Mycology Role of fungi in biotechnology; Application of fungi in food industry (Flavour & texture, Fermentation, Baking, Organic acids, Enzymes, Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites (Pharmaceutical preparations); Agriculture (Biofertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological control (Mycofungicides, | Mycoherbicides, | Mycoinsecticides, Myconematicides); Medical mycology. Mushroom cultivation. Course Outcome: The course will provide detailed understanding of algae and fungi Suggested Readings
Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4" edition.
Wiley JM, Sherwood LM and Woolverton CJ. (2013) Prescott’s Microbiology. gth Edition. McGraw Hill International.
Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Delhi.
Sahoo, D. (2000). Farming the ocean: seaweeds cultivation and utilization. Aravali International, New Delhi.
Campbell, N.A., Reece J.B., Urry L.A., Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A. Minorsky P.V., Jackson
R.B. (2008). Biology, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, USA. 8" edition.
Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Singapore. “” edition. Webster, J. and Weber, R. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press,
Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd. oe)

BOT: DSM-101 Course Title: Biodiversity (Microbes, Cryptogams & gymnosperms) Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the biodiversity of microbes, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnopsperms Unit-I: Microbes Viruses - Characteristics and economic importance, T Phage Virus and TMV, Lytic and Lysogenic cycle.
Bacteria - Characteristics and economic importance, Cell structure, Reproduction of bacteria- vegetative, asexual and recombination (Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction).
Unit-II: Algae General characteristics; Classification, Ecology and occurrence, Economic importance, Range of thallus organization and Reproduction. Morphology and life cycle of Nostoc, Volvox, Voucheria, Chara and Ectocarpus.
Significant contributions of Phycologists - F.E. Fritsch, G. M. Smith and M.O.P. Iyenger. Unit-III: Fungi & Lichens
General characteristics; Classification, Economic importance of Fungi; Reproduction; Morphology and life cycle of and Rhizopus, Penicillium and Puccinia, Symbiotic association – Lichens and its economic importance; General account and significance of Mycorrhiza. Unit-IV: Bryophytes Unique characters of archegoniates and alternation of generation.
Bryophytes - General characteristics; Adaptation to land habit, Classification (upto orders) Ecology and Economic importance; Evolution of sporophyte; Morphology and life cycle of Marchantia, Anthoceros and Polytrichum.
Unit-V: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Pteridophytes - General characteristics; Classification (upto orders) and economic importance; Reproduction; Heterospory and seed habit; Stelar organization; Early land plants - Rhynia; Morphology and reproduction of Lycopodium and Selaginella.
Gymnosperma - General characteristics; classification and economic importance; Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Cycas, Pinus, Gingko and Gentum

Course Outcome: The course will highlight the diversity of microbial world along with cryptogams and gymnosperms. Suggested Readings:

Lee, R. E. (2008). Phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge BOT: DSM-101 Course Title: Biodiversity (Microbes, Cryptogams & gymnosperms) Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the biodiversity of microbes, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnopsperms Unit-I: Microbes Viruses - Characteristics and economic importance, T Phage Virus and TMV, Lytic and Lysogenic cycle. Bacteria - Characteristics and economic importance, Cell structure, Reproduction of bacteria- vegetative, asexual and recombination (Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction). Unit-II: Algae General characteristics; Classification, Ecology and occurrence, Economic importance, Range of thallus organization and Reproduction. Morphology and life cycle of Nostoc, Volvox, Voucheria, Chara and Ectocarpus. Significant contributions of Phycologists - F.E. Fritsch, G. M. Smith and M.O.P. Tyenger. Unit-I1I: Fungi & Lichens General characteristics; Classification, Economic importance of Fungi; Reproduction; Morphology and life cycle of and Rhizopus, Penicillium and Puccinia, Symbiotic association — Lichens and its economic importance; General account and significance of Mycorrhiza. Unit-IV: Bryophytes Unique characters of archegoniates and alternation of generation. Bryophytes - General characteristics; Adaptation to land habit, Classification (upto orders) Ecology and Economic importance; Evolution of sporophyte; Morphology and life cycle of Marchantia, Anthoceros and Polytrichum. Unit-V: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Pteridophytes - General characteristics; Classification (upto orders) and economic importance; Reproduction; Heterospory and seed habit; Stelar organization; Early land plants - Rhynia; Morphology and reproduction of Lycopodium and Selaginella. Gymnosperma - General characteristics; classification and economic importance; Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Cycas, Pinus, Gingko and Gentum Course Outcome: The course will highlight the diversity of microbial world along with cryptogams and gymnosperms. Suggested Readings:

Lee, R. E. (2008). Phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 8

Acharya, B. C. and Mishra B. K. (2019). Plant Biodiversity – as per CBCS Syllabus, Kalyani Publishers.
Bhattacharya, Hait and Ghosh (2017). A Text Book of Botany: Vol. 1 & Vol 2. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.
Mishra, B. K. and Dash N (2019). A Text Book of Microbiology and Phycology – as per CBCS Syllabus, Kalyani Publishers.
Mishra, B. K. and Dash N (2019). An Introduction to Mycology and Phytopathology – as per CBCS Syllabus, Kalyani Publishers
Singh, Pandey and Jain (2018). A Text Book of Botany – ARCHEGONIATE (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms), Rastogi Publications.
Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students – Algae. S. Chand Publishing.
Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students – Fungi. S. Chand Publishing.
Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students – Bryophyta. S. Chand Publishing.
Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students – Pteridophyta. S. Chand Publishing.
Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students – Gymnosperms S. Chand Publishing

BOT: IDC-101 Course Title: Gardening and Nursery Management Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the multi-faced aspects of gardening and nursery Unit-I: Gardening Introduction History of gardening in India, Scope of gardening in India, Routine garden operations (Soil sterilization, Soil laying, sowing of seed, Shading, pinching, deshooting, disbudding, defoliation, bending, mulching, topiary, training and pruning, de- suckering, staking, mowing, ranking, earthing up, manuring, watering, insect-pest and disease control). Mother plant. Garden types, general feature and styles. Garden adornments Unit-II: Nursery and Garden Management Definition, objectives and scopes of gardening; Types of gardening: Landscape, home gardening, Kitchen Garden. Orchards, Terrace gardening, etc.; Concept of Public Parks and Botanical Gardens; Selection of Plant Materials and designing of gardens- computer-aided designing. Gardening operations and management practices: soil layering, manuring, watering, sowing of samplings, Management and control of weeds ad pests and harvesting operations, storage and Marketing strategies. Unit-III: Structures of Nursery and Gardens Green house technology (Definition, advantages, factors affecting growth of plants in green house, classification); Polyhouse (Definition, site selection, types, advantages); Lath house; glass house, shed house, cold frame, hotbed, bottom heat, propagation frames, net house, mist propagation unit, Humidifier, 2. Acharya, B. C. and Mishra B. K. (2019). Plant Biodiversity — as per CBCS Syllabus, Kalyani Publishers. 3. Bhattacharya, Hait and Ghosh (2017). A Text Book of Botany: Vol. 1 & Vol 2. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. 4. Mishra, B. K. and Dash N (2019). A Text Book of Microbiology and Phycology — as per CBCS Syllabus, Kalyani Publishers. 5. Mishra, B. K. and Dash N (2019). An Introduction to Mycology and Phytopathology — as per CBCS Syllabus, Kalyani Publishers 6. Singh, Pandey and Jain (2018). A Text Book of Botany - ARCHEGONIATE (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms), Rastogi Publications. 7. Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students — Algae. S. Chand Publishing. 8. Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students — Fungi. S. Chand Publishing. 9. Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students — Bryophyta. S. Chand Publishing. 10. Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students — Pteridophyta. S. Chand Publishing. 11. Vashishta, B. R. (2017). Botany for Degree Students - Gymnosperms S. Chand Publishing BOT: IDC-101 Course Title: Gardening and Nursery Management Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course Objective: To study the multi-faced aspects of gardening and nursery Unit-I: Gardening Introduction History of gardening in India, Scope of gardening in India, Routine garden operations (Soil sterilization, Soil laying, sowing of seed, Shading, pinching, deshooting, disbudding, defoliation, bending, mulching, topiary, training and pruning, de- suckering, staking, mowing, ranking, earthing up, manuring, watering, insect-pest and disease control). Mother plant. Garden types, general feature and styles. Garden adornments Unit-II: Nursery and Garden Management Definition, objectives and scopes of gardening; Types of gardening: Landscape, home gardening, Kitchen Garden. Orchards, Terrace gardening, etc.; Concept of Public Parks and Botanical Gardens; Selection of Plant Materials and designing of gardens- computer-aided designing. Gardening operations and management practices: soil layering, manuring, watering, sowing of samplings, Management and control of weeds ad pests and harvesting operations, storage and Marketing strategies. Unit-III: Structures of Nursery and Gardens Green house technology (Definition, advantages, factors affecting growth of plants in green house, classification); Polyhouse (Definition, site selection, types, advantages); Lath house; glass house, shed house, cold frame, hotbed, bottom heat, propagation frames, net house, mist propagation unit, Humidifier, SS)

Unit-IV: Plant Propagation Sexual, vegetative and artificial methods of plant propagation (Cutting, layering, Budding and grafting). Micro propagation. Seed structure and Seed Dormancy. Concepts of plant growth regulators: Types, trade names and application methods. Rooting media (Peat moss, Vermiculite, Perlite, Sand and Bark). Techniques of growing and propagation of Epiphytes (Orchids, Aroids and Ferns) and Hydrophytes. Study of cultivation processes and harvesting of different vegetables and fruits-Brinjal, Potato, Tomato, Lady’s finger, Cabbage, Cauliflower, beans, Pumpkin, Mango, Banana, etc. Role of plant growth regulators used in Gardening and Nurseries. Unit-V: Landscaping of Public Places, Indoor Gardening and Famous Gardens in India General recommendations of Landscaping, Landscaping of Highways, Home Landscaping/Residential Landscaping, Landscaping of public parks and Landscaping of Educational institutes.
Indoor Gardening: Definition, areas suitable for placing indoor plants, factors affecting growth of indoor plants, pot plants, foliage plants, Hanging Baskets, Terrariums, Vertical gardens, Dish garden and Bonsai. Plants suitable for landscaping and Indoor Gardening (Flowering annuals, Herbaceous perennials, ornamental shrubs, Ornamental climbers, Ornamental trees, Bulbous plants, Palms and Cycads).
Shalimar Garden (Kashmir), Lal Bagh (Bengaluru), Rashtrapati Bhavan Garden (New Delhi), Brindavan Garden (Mysore), Yadvindra Garden (Pinjore), Indian Botanic Garden (Howrah), The Ramoji Film City Garden (Hyderabad), Tulip Garden (Srinagar).

Course Outcome: The course will help to empower students to take up gardening and nursery management as career option. Suggested readings

Bose T.K. & Mukherjee, D., 1972, Gardening in India, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Sandhu, M.K., 1989, Plant Propagation, Wile Eastern Ltd., Bangalore, Madras.
Kumar, N., 1997, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publications, Nagercoil.
Edmond Musser & Andres, Fundamentals of Horticulture, McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.
Agrawal, P.K. 1993, Hand Book of Seed Technology, Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation, National Seed Corporation Ltd., New Delhi.
Janick Jules. 1979. Horticultural Science. (3rd Ed.), W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, USA.

Unit-IV: Plant Propagation Sexual, vegetative and artificial methods of plant propagation (Cutting, layering, Budding and grafting). Micro propagation. Seed structure and Seed Dormancy. Concepts of plant growth regulators: Types, trade names and application methods. Rooting media (Peat moss, Vermiculite, Perlite, Sand and Bark). Techniques of growing and propagation of Epiphytes (Orchids, Aroids and Ferns) and Hydrophytes. Study of cultivation processes and harvesting of different vegetables and fruits-Brinjal, Potato, Tomato, Lady’s finger, Cabbage, Cauliflower, beans, Pumpkin, Mango, Banana, etc. Role of plant growth regulators used in Gardening and Nurseries. Unit-V: Landscaping of Public Places, Indoor Gardening and Famous Gardens in India General recommendations of Landscaping, Landscaping of Highways, Home Landscaping/Residential Landscaping, Landscaping of public parks and Landscaping of Educational institutes. Indoor Gardening: Definition, areas suitable for placing indoor plants, factors affecting growth of indoor plants, pot plants, foliage plants, Hanging Baskets, Terrariums, Vertical gardens, Dish garden and Bonsai. Plants suitable for landscaping and Indoor Gardening (Flowering annuals, Herbaceous perennials, ornamental shrubs, Ornamental climbers, Ornamental trees, Bulbous plants, Palms and Cycads). Shalimar Garden (Kashmir), Lal Bagh (Bengaluru), Rashtrapati Bhavan Garden (New Delhi), Brindavan Garden (Mysore), Yadvindra Garden (Pinjore), Indian Botanic Garden (Howrah), The Ramoji Film City Garden (Hyderabad), Tulip Garden (Srinagar). Course Outcome: The course will help to empower students to take up gardening and nursery management as career option. Suggested readings

Bose T.K. & Mukherjee, D., 1972, Gardening in India, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Sandhu, M.K., 1989, Plant Propagation, Wile Eastern Ltd., Bangalore, Madras. Kumar, N., 1997, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publications, Nagercoil. 4. Edmond Musser & Andres, Fundamentals of Horticulture, McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi. 5. Agrawal, P.K. 1993, Hand Book of Seed Technology, Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation, National Seed Corporation Ltd., New Delhi. 6. Janick Jules. 1979. Horticultural Science. (3rd Ed.), W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, USA. Oo 10

BOT: SEC-101 Course Title: Medicinal Plants & Herbal Technology Credits: 3

Contact hours: 60

Marks: 100
THEORY Credits: 2

Contact hours: 30

Marks: 50 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the use of medicinal plants in improving human life Unit-I: Traditional Systems of Medicine

Brief history of use of medicinal herbs; Indigenous system of medicines-Ayurveda (History, origin, panchamahabhutas, saptadhatu, tridosha and rasayana), plants used in ayurvedic treatments, Methods of preparation of asava, arishta, gutikas, churna, leham and bhasmas; Unani (History, concept, Umoor-e-tabiya) and Siddha (Origine, basis, plants used in Siddha medicine), medical terms. Unit-II: Medicinal Plants and their Conservation; Application of Natural Products Local Medicinal plants, Concept of endangered taxa, Endangered and endemic medicinal plants of India, Red list criteria; In situ and Ex situ conservation of medicinal plants, brief account of CIMAP; Application of natural products to certain diseases-Jaundice, cardiac, infertility, diabetics, blood pressure, memory loss, rheumatism and skin diseases.
Unit-III: Pharmacognosy

Systematic position, distinguishing features and uses of following herbs in curing various ailments- Tulsi, Ginger, Fenugreek, Indian Goose berry, Ashoka, Arjun; Future of pharmacognosy. Herbs as health food (Alfa alfa, Chicory, Garlic, Ginseng, Ashwagandha and Spirulina). Unit-IV: Phytochemistry and Analytical Pharmacognosy

Active principles and methods of their testing of medicinal herbs, Drug adulteration (types), methods of drug evaluation, WHO guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines, phytochemical screening tests for secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds).
Unit-V: Patenting and Regulatory Authorities of Natural Products

Definition of common terms-Patent, IPR, Traditional Knowledge, Farmer’s right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting, and Biopiracy. Turmeric patent and Neem patent; Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB), Plant based medicinal and aromatic industries and institutions in India; Good manufacturing practice (GMP) of Indian system of medicine Course outcome: The course will provide a comprehensive understanding on the importance of medicinal plants and herbal technology in health care. BOT: SEC-101 Course Title: Medicinal Plants & Herbal Technology Credits: 3 Contact hours: 60 Marks: 100 THEORY Credits: 2 Contact hours: 30 Marks: 50 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the use of medicinal plants in improving human life Unit-I: Traditional Systems of Medicine Brief history of use of medicinal herbs; Indigenous system of medicines-Ayurveda (History, origin, panchamahabhutas, saptadhatu, tridosha and rasayana), plants used in ayurvedic treatments, Methods of preparation of asava, arishta, gutikas, churna, leham and bhasmas; Unani (History, concept, Umoor-e-tabiya) and Siddha (Origine, basis, plants used in Siddha medicine), medical terms. Unit-II: Medicinal Plants and their Conservation; Application of Natural Products Local Medicinal plants, Concept of endangered taxa, Endangered and endemic medicinal plants of India, Red list criteria; Jn situ and Ex situ conservation of medicinal plants, brief account of CIMAP; Application of natural products to certain diseases-Jaundice, cardiac, infertility, diabetics, blood pressure, memory loss, rheumatism and skin diseases. Unit-III: Pharmacognosy Systematic position, distinguishing features and uses of following herbs in curing various ailments- Tulsi, Ginger, Fenugreek, Indian Goose berry, Ashoka, Arjun; Future of pharmacognosy. Herbs as health food (Alfa alfa, Chicory, Garlic, Ginseng, Ashwagandha and Spirulina). Unit-IV: Phytochemistry and Analytical Pharmacognosy Active principles and methods of their testing of medicinal herbs, Drug adulteration (types), methods of drug evaluation, WHO guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines, phytochemical screening tests for secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds). Unit-V: Patenting and Regulatory Authorities of Natural Products Definition of common terms-Patent, IPR, Traditional Knowledge, Farmer’s right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting, and Biopiracy. Turmeric patent and Neem patent; Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB), Plant based medicinal and aromatic industries and institutions in India; Good manufacturing practice (GMP) of Indian system of medicine Course outcome: The course will provide a comprehensive understanding on the importance of medicinal plants and herbal technology in health care. 11

Suggested Readings

Anonymous (1948-66): Wealth of India, Raw Materials, 7 Vols, CSIR, New Delhi.
Anonymous (1992): The use of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care. WHO, AITBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
Anonymous (1994): The Useful Plants of India. Publications &Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi.
Arora, P & Arora, V. (2019): A Text Book of Herbal Drug Technology. S. Vikas & Company (Medical Publishers) India, Jalandhar.
Chopra, R. N.; Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I. C. (1956): Glossary of Indian medicinal Plants, C S I R, New Delhi.
Jain, S. K. (1994): Medicinal Plants. 5th edition. NBT, New Delhi.
Laxman, P. (2015): Patenting in India: Policy, Procedure and Public Funding. I K International Publishing House. New Delhi.
Mukerji, B. (1953): The Indian Pharmaceutical Codex, New Delhi.

SEC-101: PRACTICAL Credit: 1

Contact Hours: 30

Marks: 30

Survey and collection of medicinal plants used by local communities.
Categorization medicinal plants as per the disease criteria.
Preparation of plant material for extraction process.
Preparation of crude plant extracts by maceration techniques.
Preparation of crude plant extracts by Soxhlet apparatus.
Method of recovery of crude plant extracts.
Qualitative estimation of crude plant extracts
Quantitative estimation of plant extracts
TLC profiling of plant extracts
Study of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts

Suggested Readings — CP NNDMAPYWN Anonymous (1948-66): Wealth of India, Raw Materials, 7 Vols, CSIR, New Delhi. Anonymous (1992): The use of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care. WHO, AITBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. Anonymous (1994): The Useful Plants of India. Publications &Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. Arora, P & Arora, V. (2019): A Text Book of Herbal Drug Technology. S. Vikas & Company (Medical Publishers) India, Jalandhar. Chopra, R. N.; Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I. C. (1956): Glossary of Indian medicinal Plants, CSIR, New Delhi. Jain, S. K. (1994): Medicinal Plants. 5" edition. NBT, New Delhi. Laxman, P. (2015): Patenting in India: Policy, Procedure and Public Funding. I K International Publishing House. New Delhi. Mukerji, B. (1953): The Indian Pharmaceutical Codex, New Delhi. SEC-101: PRACTICAL Credit: 1 Contact Hours: 30 Marks: 30 Survey and collection of medicinal plants used by local communities. Categorization medicinal plants as per the disease criteria. Preparation of plant material for extraction process. Preparation of crude plant extracts by maceration techniques. Preparation of crude plant extracts by Soxhlet apparatus. Method of recovery of crude plant extracts. Qualitative estimation of crude plant extracts Quantitative estimation of plant extracts TLC profiling of plant extracts 10. Study of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts 12

SEMESTER - II BOT: DSC-151 Course Title: Cell Biology Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the cellular organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms Unit-I:
Cell: Historical background of Cell Biology; Broad Classification of Cell Types (in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes); Cell as basic unit of life; Cell Theory; Pre-cellular evolution and artificial creation of cell; Characteristic features of cell types: Mycoplasma (PPLO); Viroids; Prions; Archaebacteria and Eubacteria; Eukaryotic microbes; Ecological amplitude of cell in high altitude, arctic, hotspring, arid, brakish and fresh water. Unit-II:
Structure and function of cell organelles: Cell wall and cell membrane; Models of cell membrane; role of various membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; role of channels and pumps in cellular transport and signaling; Cytoskeleton and Cytosol; Golgi-bodies; Endoplasmic reticulum; Ribosomes; Lysosomes; Peroxysomes; Endosymbiotic Theory: Mitochondria and Chloroplast. Unit-III:
Ultrastructure and function of Nucleus: composition of nucleus; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA-composition, structure of DNA; A, B and Z forms of DNA; Replication of DNA, Denaturation of DNA, DNA polymerases; Different types of RNA and their role. Unit-IV:
Cell Division and its regulation: Cell cycle; cell-cell interaction; cell locomotion (amoeboid, flagellar and cilliar), Muscle and nerve cell; Cell Senescence and Programmed Cell Death; Apoptosis; Cell differentiation; Biology of cancer; Cell Division: Mechanisms of Mitosis and Meiosis; Role of Centromere, Kinetochore and Spindle apparatus. Unit-V:
Techniques in cell biology: Microscopy: Principles of Light and Electron microscopy - TEM and SEM; Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy; Principles of Chromatographic techniques- Paper chromatography, TLC, Column chromatography; HPLC; Autoradiography and its applications; Centrifugation. SEMESTER

Il BOT: DSC-151 Course Title: Cell Biology Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the cellular organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms Unit-I: Cell: Historical background of Cell Biology; Broad Classification of Cell Types (in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes); Cell as basic unit of life; Cell Theory; Pre-cellular evolution and artificial creation of cell; Characteristic features of cell types: Mycoplasma (PPLO); Viroids; Prions; Archaebacteria and Eubacteria; Eukaryotic microbes; Ecological amplitude of cell in high altitude, arctic, hotspring, arid, brakish and fresh water. Unit-II: Structure and function of cell organelles: Cell wall and cell membrane; Models of cell membrane; role of various membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; role of channels and pumps in cellular transport and signaling; Cytoskeleton and Cytosol; Golgi-bodies; Endoplasmic reticulum; Ribosomes; Lysosomes; Peroxysomes; Endosymbiotic Theory: Mitochondria and Chloroplast. Unit-IIl: Ultrastructure and function of Nucleus: composition of nucleus; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA-composition, structure of DNA; A, B and Z forms of DNA; Replication of DNA, Denaturation of DNA, DNA polymerases; Different types of RNA and their role. Unit-IV: Cell Division and its regulation: Cell cycle; cell-cell interaction; cell locomotion (amoeboid, flagellar and cilliar), Muscle and nerve cell; Cell Senescence and Programmed Cell Death; Apoptosis; Cell differentiation; Biology of cancer; Cell Division: Mechanisms of Mitosis and Meiosis; Role of Centromere, Kinetochore and Spindle apparatus. Unit-V: Techniques in cell biology: Microscopy: Principles of Light and Electron microscopy - TEM and SEM; Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy; Principles of Chromatographic techniques- Paper chromatography, TLC, Column chromatography; HPLC; Autoradiography and its applications; Centrifugation. 13

Course Outcome: The course will provide a detailed understanding of cellular organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism. Suggested Readings

Campbell, MK (2012) Biochemistry, 7th ed., Published by Cengage Learning
Campbell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th ed., Published by Churchill Livingstone
Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed., W.H.Freeman
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company
Nelson DL and Cox MM (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition., W.H. Freeman and Company.
Karp, G. (2010). Cell Biology, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 6th edition.
Hardin, J., Becker, G., Skliensmith, L.J. (2012). Becker’s World of the Cell, Pearson Education Inc. U.S.A. 8th edition.
Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009) The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009) The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco

BOT: DSC-152 Course Title: Practical – I (Lower Cryptogams and cell Biology) Credits: 3

Contact hours: 60

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the cellular organisation of lower cryptogams and other eukaryotes Unit-I: Microbes
Models of virus – T Phage, Lytic & lysogenic cycle from photograph Study of bacterial reproduction- binary fission, Conjugation and endospores from
temporary/permanent slides/ photographs. Gram staining techniques in bacteria through Curd/ Root nodules. Preparation of media- nutrient agar and broth Unit-II: Algae

Identification and study of vegetative / reproductive structures of the following genera through temporary preparation of slides / permanent slides –
Cyanobacteria: Nostoc / Anabaena
Chlorophyceae: Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Volvox and Chara;
Xanthophyceae: Voucheria; Bacillariophyceae: Pinnularia;
Phaeophyceae: Ectocarpus / Sargassum;
Rhodophyceae: Polysiphonia / Batrachospermum.

Unit-III: Fungi & Lichen
Course Outcome: The course will provide a detailed understanding of cellular organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism. Suggested Readings 1. Campbell, MK (2012) Biochemistry, 7th ed., Published by Cengage Learning 2. Campbell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th ed., Published by Churchill Livingstone 3. Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed., W.H.Freeman 4. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company 5. Nelson DL and Cox MM (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition., W.H. Freeman and Company. 6. Karp, G. (2010). Cell Biology, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 6th edition. 7. Hardin, J., Becker, G., Skliensmith, L.J. (2012). Becker’s World of the Cell, Pearson Education Inc. U.S.A. 8th edition. 8. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009) The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA. 9. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009) The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco BOT: DSC-152 Course Title: Practical — I (Lower Cryptogams and cell Biology) Credits: 3 Contact hours: 60 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the cellular organisation of lower cryptogams and other eukaryotes Unit-I: Microbes Models of virus — T Phage, Lytic & lysogenic cycle from photograph Study of bacterial reproduction- binary fission, Conjugation and endospores from temporary/permanent slides/ photographs. Gram staining techniques in bacteria through Curd/ Root nodules. Preparation of media- nutrient agar and broth Unit-II: Algae Identification and study of vegetative / reproductive structures of the following genera through temporary preparation of slides / permanent slides — Cyanobacteria: Nostoc / Anabaena Chlorophyceae: Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Volvox and Chara; Xanthophyceae: Voucheria; Bacillariophyceae: Pinnularia; Phaeophyceae: Ectocarpus / Sargassum; Rhodophyceae: Polysiphonia / Batrachospermum. Unit-I: Fungi & Lichen 14

Identification and study of vegetative / reproductive structures of the following genera through temporary preparation of slides (by Lactophenol Cotton Blue methods) – Rhizopus, Penicillium, Ustilago and Puccinia. Study of Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose Lichen.

Unit-IV: Cell Biology

Study of plant cell with the help of epidermal peel mount of Onion / Rhoeo / Crinum
Cytochemical staining of DNA-feulgen and cell wall in the epidermal peel of onion using Periodic Schiff’s (PAS) staining technique. Measurement of cell size by the technique of micrometry. Counting the cells per unit volume with the help of haemocytometer. Study of phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis Study of effect of organic solvent and temperature on membrane permeability.
Study different stages of Mitosis and Meiosis.

Unit-V: Viva / Practical Record Books / Field study.

Botanical Excursion: visit to institute of microbial technology / visit to local vegetation to understood about lower cryptogams and submission of excursion report. Viva-voce covering entire syllabus by External Examiners Submission of Practical Record Books. Course outcome: The course will provide a detailed picture of cellular organisation of lower cryptogam and eukaryotes.

BOT: DSM-151 Course Title: Angiosperm Morphology and Taxonomy Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the morphological features and classification of angiosperms Unit-I: Morphology

Study of modified roots, stems and leaves, phyllotaxy, inflorescence types (including special types); evolution of inflorescence, aestivation and placentation, flower as a modified shoot, types of fruits; floral formula, floral diagram, structure of fruits and seeds. Role of Morphology in taxonomy.
Unit-II: Introduction to Plant Taxonomy

Definition and components of plant taxonomy (Identification, Classification and nomenclature); taxonomic literature; Herbarium and its preparation, role of herbarium, major herbarium of the world, central national herbarium; botanical gardens and their role, major herbarium of the world and India, A J C Bose Indian Botanic Garden; Flora and its contents, Flora of Assam and Flora of British India; Taxonomic keys; Identification and study of vegetative / reproductive structures of the following genera through temporary preparation of slides (by Lactophenol Cotton Blue methods) — Rhizopus, Penicillium, Ustilago and Puccinia. Study of Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose Lichen. Unit-IV: Cell Biology Study of plant cell with the help of epidermal peel mount of Onion / Rhoeo / Crinum Cytochemical staining of DNA-feulgen and cell wall in the epidermal peel of onion using Periodic Schiff’s (PAS) staining technique. Measurement of cell size by the technique of micrometry. Counting the cells per unit volume with the help of haemocytometer. Study of phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis Study of effect of organic solvent and temperature on membrane permeability. Study different stages of Mitosis and Meiosis. Unit-V: Viva / Practical Record Books / Field study. Botanical Excursion: visit to institute of microbial technology / visit to local vegetation to understood about lower cryptogams and submission of excursion report. Viva-voce covering entire syllabus by External Examiners Submission of Practical Record Books. Course outcome: The course will provide a detailed picture of cellular organisation of lower cryptogam and eukaryotes. BOT: DSM-151 Course Title: Angiosperm Morphology and Taxonomy Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the morphological features and classification of angiosperms Unit-I: Morphology Study of modified roots, stems and leaves, phyllotaxy, inflorescence types (including special types); evolution of inflorescence, aestivation and placentation, flower as a modified shoot, types of fruits; floral formula, floral diagram, structure of fruits and seeds. Role of Morphology in taxonomy. Unit-II: Introduction to Plant Taxonomy Definition and components of plant taxonomy (Identification, Classification and nomenclature); taxonomic literature; Herbarium and its preparation, role of herbarium, major herbarium of the world, central national herbarium; botanical gardens and their role, major herbarium of the world and India, A J C Bose Indian Botanic Garden; Flora and its contents, Flora of Assam and Flora of British India; Taxonomic keys; 15

Singh, (2012). Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice Oxford & IBH Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3 rdedition.
Jeffrey, C. (1982). An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogg, E.A., Stevens, P.F. (2002). Plant Systematics-A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates Inc., U.S.A. 2nd edition.
Maheshwari, J.K. (1963). Flora of Delhi. CSIR, New Delhi.
Radford, A.E. (1986). Fundamentals of Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New York.
Jain, S. K. & Rao, R. R. (1977): A handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods.Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers. New Delhi.
Singh, G. (2012): Plant Systematics, Theory and Practice. 3rd edition. Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi.
Stace, C. A. (1989): Plant Systematice and Biosystematics. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.Cambridge. UK.
Vasishta, P. C. (1974): Taxonomy of Angiosperms. 2nd edition. R. Chand & Co. New Delhi.

taxonomic evidences from morphology, palynology, cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data; taxonomic hierarchy. Writing of plant description. Unit-III: Botanical Nomenclature Binomial nomenclature; ICN, its principles and rules, ranks and names, typification, author citation, effective and valid publication, rejection of names, principles of priority, naming of new taxon, naming of hybrids. Unit-IV: Classification History, types of classification-artificial, natural and phylogenetic; Bentham and Hooker system, Engler and Prantl system and Tathkajan system of classifications. Numerical taxonomy and cladistics; characters, character weighting and coding; cluster analysis; phenograms, cladograms. Unit-V: Angiosperm Families Distinguishing characters, range of vegetative and floral characters and economically important plants of Magnoliaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Orchidaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and Poaceae. Flower morphology of Orchids. Course outcome: The course will give a comprehensive understanding of morphological features of angiosperms and direct the taxonomic datasets of angiosperms. Suggested Readings 1. Singh, (2012). Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice Oxford & IBH Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3 rdedition. 2. Jeffrey, C. (1982). An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 3. Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogg, E.A., Stevens, P.F. (2002). Plant Systematics-A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates Inc., U.S.A. 2nd edition. 4. Maheshwari, J.K. (1963). Flora of Delhi. CSIR, New Delhi. 5. Radford, A.E. (1986). Fundamentals of Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New York. 6. Jain, S. K. & Rao, R. R. (1977): A handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods.Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers. New Delhi. 7. Singh, G. (2012): Plant Systematics, Theory and Practice. 3" edition. Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi. 8. Stace, C. A. (1989): Plant Systematice and Biosystematics. 2" edition. Cambridge University Press.Cambridge. UK. 9. Vasishta, P. C. (1974): Taxonomy of Angiosperms. 2™ edition. R. Chand & Co. New Delhi. 16

BOT: IDC-151 Course Title: Biodiversity Conservation Credits: 3

Contact hours: 45

Marks: 100
(All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the conservation and management of biodiversity Unit-I:
General account: Definition of biodiversity, levels of biodiversity, soil types of India, Climate change; global warming; ozone layer depletion; acid rain and their impact on human communities, agriculture and food security; climate of India, climatic regions of India, diverse flora of India, diverse fauna of India, measuring biodiversity: alpha, beta and gamma diversity. Unit-II:
Global biodiversity: genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity; keystone species, biodiversity in tropics, conservation of biodiversity; ecology and economy, bioethics and conservation, IUCN Red Data Book, Red List categories; Causes of extinction; Endemism. Unit-III:
Biodiversity of India: Value of Indian biodiversity, Indian biodiversity under serious threat, causes of threats; Hotspots of Indian biodiversity; Germplasm and diversity, In situ conservation; Ex situ conservation; Sustainability, Bioethics and tribal population; Sustainable development rights; India as a mega-biodiversity Nation. Unit-IV:
Protected areas: Status of biodiversity conservation, National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Biodiversity act, Biopiracy, International efforts for conservation of biodiversity; Mangrove conservation; Wildlife protection act; Forest protection act; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); The Biodiversity Act (2002); National Environmental Policy (2004). Unit-V:
Biogeographical regions: Endemism; Floristic regions of India; Vegetation of India (Forest vegetation and grassland vegetation); Indian desert; Western Ghats; The Islands, North-East India; Aims and objectives of Environmental Education; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Role of important NGOs in Environmental protection in India; India’s initiative for mitigating climate change. Course outcome: The course will provide a comprehensive overview on the conservation and management aspects of biodiversity and the importance of biodiversity conservation in the era of climate change. Suggested Readings: 1. Sharma, P.D. (2014): Ecology and Environment. 13th Edition, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. BOT: IDC-151 Course Title: Biodiversity Conservation Credits: 3 Contact hours: 45 Marks: 100 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the conservation and management of biodiversity Unit-I: General account: Definition of biodiversity, levels of biodiversity, soil types of India, Climate change; global warming; ozone layer depletion; acid rain and their impact on human communities, agriculture and food security; climate of India, climatic regions of India, diverse flora of India, diverse fauna of India, measuring biodiversity: alpha, beta and gamma diversity. Unit-Il: Global biodiversity: genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity; keystone species, biodiversity in tropics, conservation of biodiversity; ecology and economy, bioethics and conservation, IUCN Red Data Book, Red List categories; Causes of extinction; Endemism. Unit-II: Biodiversity of India: Value of Indian biodiversity, Indian biodiversity under serious threat, causes of threats; Hotspots of Indian biodiversity; Germplasm and diversity, In situ conservation; Ex situ conservation; Sustainability, Bioethics and tribal population; Sustainable development rights; India as a mega-biodiversity Nation. Unit-IV: Protected areas: Status of biodiversity conservation, National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Biodiversity act, Biopiracy, International efforts for conservation of biodiversity; Mangrove conservation; Wildlife protection act; Forest protection act; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); The Biodiversity Act (2002); National Environmental Policy (2004). Unit-V: Biogeographical regions: Endemism; Floristic regions of India; Vegetation of India (Forest vegetation and grassland vegetation); Indian desert; Western Ghats; The Islands, North-East India; Aims and objectives of Environmental Education; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Role of important NGOs in Environmental protection in India; India’s initiative for mitigating climate change. Course outcome: The course will provide a comprehensive overview on_ the conservation and management aspects of biodiversity and the importance of biodiversity conservation in the era of climate change. Suggested Readings: 1. Sharma, P.D. (2014): Ecology and Environment. 13th Edition, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 17

Sodhi, N. S.; Raven, P.H.; Gibson, L. (2013): Conservation Biology: Voices from the Tropics. John Wiley 3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (eds.) (1999): Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge. 4. Asthana, D.K. and Asthana M. (2010): A textbook of Environmental studies (For undergraduate students), S. Chand and Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi. 5. Singh, J.S; Singh S.P. and Gupta S. R. (2008): Ecology and Environmental Science. S. Chand and Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi BOT: SEC-151 Course Title: Mushroom Cultivation Credits: 3

Contact hours: 60

Marks: 100
THEORY Credits: 2

Contact hours: 30

Marks: 50 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the diverse aspects of mushroom cultivation and its economic and medicinal values Unit-I: History of Mushroom Cultivation Introduction, history. Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Poisonous mushrooms. Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus.
Unit-II: Cultivation Techniques Infrastructure: substrates (locally available) Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house) water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture:
Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication
Unit-III: Mushroom bed Preparation
Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation - Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production. Unit-IV: Storage and Nutrition Storage and nutrition: Short-term storage (Refrigeration - upto 24 hours) Long term Storage (canning, pickels, papads), drying, storage in saltsolutions. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins.
Unit-V: Food Preparation Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from mushroom.Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value. 2. Sodhi, N. S.; Raven, P.H.; Gibson, L. (2013): Conservation Biology: Voices from th Tropics. John Wiley 3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (eds.) (1999): Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge. 4. Asthana, D.K. and Asthana M. (2010): A textbook of Environmental studies (For undergraduate students), S. Chand and Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi. 5. Singh, J.S; Singh S.P. and Gupta S. R. (2008): Ecology and Environmental Science. S. Chand and Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi BOT: SEC-151 Course Title: Mushroom Cultivation Credits: 3 Contact hours: 60 Marks: 100 THEORY Credits: 2 Contact hours: 30 Marks: 50 (All units are of equal credits) Course objective: To study the diverse aspects of mushroom cultivation and its economic and medicinal values Unit-I: History of Mushroom Cultivation Introduction, history. Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Poisonous mushrooms. Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus. Unit-II: Cultivation Techniques Infrastructure: substrates (locally available) Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house) water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication Unit-III: Mushroom bed Preparation Mushroom bed preparation

paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation - Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production. Unit-IV: Storage and Nutrition Storage and nutrition: Short-term storage (Refrigeration - upto 24 hours) Long term Storage (canning, pickels, papads), drying, storage in saltsolutions. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins. Unit-V: Food Preparation Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from mushroom.Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value. 18

Course outcome: The course will provide the basis to understand the diverse aspects of mushroom cultivation and its importance. Suggested Readings

Marimuthu, T. Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Sivaprakasam, K. and Jayarajan. R (1991) Oyster Mushrooms, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Swaminathan, M. (1990) Food and Nutrition. Bappco, The Bangalore Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd., No. 88, Mysore Road, Bangalore - 560018.
Tewari, Pankaj Kapoor, S.C., (1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal Publications, Delhi.

SEC-151: PRACTICAL Credit: 1

Contact Hours: 30

Marks: 30

Survey of edible mushroom available in this region.
Collection of required materials for mushroom cultivation.
Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn
Mushroom bed preparation with paddy straw
Mushroom bed preparation with sugarcane trash.
Mushroom bed preparation with maize straw
Preparation compost for mushroom cultivation.
Storage techniques for mushroom.
Nutritional analysis of mushroom
Preparation of food item with mushroom.

Course outcome: The course will provide the basis to understand the diverse aspects of mushroom cultivation and its importance. Suggested Readings

Marimuthu, T. Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Sivaprakasam, K. and Jayarajan. R (1991) Oyster Mushrooms, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Swaminathan, M. (1990) Food and Nutrition. Bappco, The Bangalore Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd., No. 88, Mysore Road, Bangalore - 560018.
Tewari, Pankaj Kapoor, S.C., (1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal Publications, Delhi. SEC-151: PRACTICAL Credit: 1 Contact Hours: 30 Marks: 30 Survey of edible mushroom available in this region. Collection of required materials for mushroom cultivation. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn Mushroom bed preparation with paddy straw Mushroom bed preparation with sugarcane trash. Mushroom bed preparation with maize straw Preparation compost for mushroom cultivation. Storage techniques for mushroom. Nutritional analysis of mushroom
Preparation of food item with mushroom. CRPADMAPYWN YS 19